Generally practiced under local anesthesia, it allows to perform a testicular histological analysis, for the evaluation of the tubular state (Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis) and of the interstitium (Leydig cells). It is indicated in case of azoospermia. It can be associated with research with possible cryopreservation of sperm by ICSI technique (TESE). It was also proposed for the analysis of testicular carcinoma in situ.